Find the Weekly Current Affairs for the 4th week of December 2025. Stay informed with the most important news and events from around the world. Our curated updates provide a comprehensive summary of the week’s key happenings, covering politics, economics, science, technology, sports, and international affairs.
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Highlights of December 4th Week Current Affairs
- The Second WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine concluded in New Delhi, reinforcing India’s leadership in integrating traditional medicine into global healthcare systems.
- The summit announced the creation of a global digital library on traditional medicine to ensure equitable access to scientific evidence, policy frameworks, and validated traditional knowledge.
- India launched the My AYUSH Integrated Services Portal as a single digital platform covering education, healthcare delivery, research, regulation, and trade within the AYUSH ecosystem.
- The proposed AYUSH Mark was highlighted as a global quality benchmark to improve safety, standardisation, credibility, and international acceptance of AYUSH products and services.
- The Delhi Declaration recognised traditional medicine as a shared biocultural heritage and aligned global efforts with the Global Traditional Medicine Strategy 2025–2034.
- The Reserve Bank of India approved a risk-based deposit insurance premium framework, replacing the flat-rate system with premiums linked to banks’ risk profiles.
- Under the new system, safer and well-governed banks will pay lower premiums, while riskier banks will pay higher premiums, strengthening financial stability and depositor confidence.
- The Supreme Court ruled that Corporate Social Responsibility inherently includes environmental protection, making ecological responsibility a constitutional obligation for corporations.
- IN-SPACe launched the Antariksh Prayogshala initiative to establish space laboratories in academic institutions, strengthening research, innovation, and private sector participation in the space sector.
- The Government of India decided to establish the Bureau of Port Security as a statutory body to create a uniform, centralised, and cyber-aware security framework for ships, vessels, and port infrastructure.
- The Supreme Court has approved a uniform definition of the Aravalli Hills, bringing over 90% of the Aravalli landscape under environmental protection and closing regulatory loopholes caused by fragmented interpretations.
- The accepted definition treats the Aravalli as a continuous geological system, defining Aravalli Hills as landforms with at least 100 metres of local relief and Aravalli Ranges as clusters of such hills within 500 metres.
- Mining has been completely prohibited in core and inviolate zones of the Aravalli region, including protected areas, eco-sensitive zones, tiger reserves, wetlands and CAMPA plantation areas.
- A landscape-level Management Plan for Sustainable Mining will be prepared by the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, and no new mining leases will be allowed until the plan is finalised.
- Conservation initiatives like the Matri Van urban forest and the Aravalli Green Wall Project aim to restore ecological balance across the Aravalli range, one of the world’s oldest mountain systems.
- The Child Marriage Free Bharat Campaign has completed one year, reinforcing India’s commitment to eliminating child marriage through law enforcement, community mobilisation and behavioural change.
- NFHS data shows a steady decline in child marriage in India from 47.4% in 2005–06 to 23.3% in 2019–21, though states like West Bengal, Bihar and Tripura continue to report higher prevalence.
- Legal measures under the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 and schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao are being supported by grassroots models such as child marriage–free Gram Panchayats in Chhattisgarh.
- The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India has rejected claims linking egg consumption to cancer, stating that such assertions lack credible scientific evidence and may mislead consumers.
- India and the Netherlands have signed an MoU to collaborate on the National Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal, Gujarat, which will showcase India’s 4,500-year-old maritime heritage under the Sagarmala Programme.
- India is prioritizing the internationalization of higher education under NEP 2020 to attract global students, faculty, and institutions while enabling Indian universities to expand overseas.
- NITI Aayog highlights that India spent nearly USD 3.4 billion on overseas education in 2023–24, underlining the need to provide world-class education domestically and reduce brain drain.
- Key reforms proposed include an inter-ministerial task force, internationalization-focused NIRF rankings, easier visas, and major funding initiatives like the Bharat Vidya Kosh and Vishwa Bandhu Scholarship.
- Internationalization is expected to strengthen India’s soft power, improve global rankings, and build a globally competitive workforce aligned with international standards.
- The Financial Fraud Risk Indicator (FRI) has helped prevent cyber fraud losses of ₹660 crore by classifying risky mobile numbers using real-time inputs from banks, telecoms, law enforcement, and citizens.
- Supported by the Digital Intelligence Platform, FRI enhances coordination among over 1,000 entities, enabling early alerts, faster fraud detection, and stronger digital financial security.
- India marked 30 years of the PESA Act, which empowers Gram Sabhas in Fifth Schedule areas with control over land, resources, markets, and preservation of tribal culture.
- Despite its transformative intent, PESA faces challenges such as weak implementation, bureaucratic dominance, and limited devolution, prompting new initiatives like the PESA-GPDP Portal and capacity-building centres.
- The India–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement offers zero-duty access for Indian exports, skilled mobility, healthcare cooperation, and significant long-term investment commitments.
- The UN’s Accra Convention 2025 standardizes negotiable cargo documents across transport modes, supporting digital trade, mid-transit sale of goods, trade finance, and legal certainty in global commerce.
- Akash-NG is a surface-to-air missile system designed to provide enhanced air defence against multiple aerial threats.
- It is capable of intercepting high-speed, low-altitude, and high-altitude targets, including fighter aircraft, UAVs, and cruise missiles.
- The system has been developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
- Production and system integration are being carried out in collaboration with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).
- Akash-NG features an indigenously developed active radar seeker, improving accuracy and hit probability.
- The missile uses a canisterised launch system, enabling quicker reaction time and improved mobility.
- It incorporates a dual-pulse solid rocket motor, allowing better manoeuvrability and extended engagement range.
- The system is designed to operate effectively in all weather conditions, day and night.
- Akash-NG strengthens India’s layered air defence network by complementing existing missile systems.
- Successful evaluation trials mark a significant step towards induction into the Indian Armed Forces and enhanced self-reliance in defence technology.
- PESA Mahotsav 2025 held in Visakhapatnam reaffirmed the role of Gram Sabhas in strengthening tribal self-governance and grassroots democracy in Fifth Schedule areas.
- The PESA Act, enacted in 1996 on Bhuria Committee recommendations, empowers nearly 8.6% of India’s population by recognising tribal autonomy over land, forests, minerals, and customary practices.
- Despite its significance, PESA implementation faces major gaps, including incomplete rule notification in some states, dilution of Gram Sabha authority, and weak monitoring mechanisms.
- RBI announced a ₹3 trillion liquidity infusion through open market operations and dollar–rupee swaps to ease banking system stress and stabilise bond markets.
- Liquidity stress has been driven by tax outflows, forex interventions, festive cash demand, and capital outflows, impacting interest rates, credit flow, and investment.
- Violence in Assam’s Karbi Anglong highlighted tensions between Sixth Schedule land protections for tribes and the rights of long-settled non-tribal communities.
- The unrest revived demands for stronger autonomy under Article 244(A) and raised concerns over the implementation of peace accord commitments.
- Russia and China announced plans to deploy an automated nuclear power plant on the Moon by 2036 to support sustained lunar research and habitation.
- Nuclear energy is seen as essential for overcoming the Moon’s long lunar nights, with similar initiatives also underway by the United States.
- India marked Good Governance Day on 25 December, paying tribute to Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, while also inducting Samudra Pratap, the country’s first indigenous pollution control vessel, boosting maritime environmental protection and self-reliance.
- Marks the completion of 100 years of the Communist Party of India on 26 December 2025, one of the oldest political parties in the country.
- CPI was founded in 1925 at Kanpur, representing the first organised all-India communist political platform within India.
- Its early roots trace back to 1920, when Indian revolutionaries formed the party in exile at Tashkent under leaders like M.N. Roy.
- CPI played a major role in mass mobilisation by organising workers, peasants, women, and youth through bodies like AITUC and AIKS.
- The party expanded the freedom struggle beyond elite leadership by embedding it in grassroots social and economic movements.
- CPI advocated progressive social reforms, including Dalit rights, social equality, and Hindu–Muslim unity.
- In Kerala, CPI leaders spearheaded movements such as the Guruvayur Satyagraha for temple entry and social inclusion.
- The party demanded complete independence (Poorna Swaraj) as early as 1921–22, well before its adoption by the INC in 1929.
- CPI consistently argued for a Constituent Assembly elected by Indians to frame India’s Constitution.
- Its ideological contributions included early constitutional thinking, notably M.N. Roy’s draft constitutional proposal in 1934.
- PMGSY has completed 25 years since its launch in December 2000, emerging as one of India’s most transformative rural infrastructure programmes with nearly 95% physical progress achieved by December 2025.
- Under PMGSY, around 8.25 lakh km of rural roads were sanctioned and about 7.87 lakh km completed, significantly improving last-mile connectivity, rural mobility, and access to markets, schools, and healthcare.
- The scheme evolved through multiple phases, from universal rural access (Phase I) to network consolidation (Phase II), connectivity strengthening (Phase III), and PMGSY-IV (2024–2028) focusing on last-mile inclusion of 25,000 habitations.
- Special focus on Left Wing Extremism–affected areas since 2016 highlights PMGSY’s dual role in addressing development deficits and supporting internal security.
- The CAG audit of PMKVY exposed major gaps such as skill–job mismatch, underutilisation of funds, weak Centre–State coordination, and poor placement outcomes with only a 41% employment rate.
- Serious data integrity issues in PMKVY were flagged, including invalid candidate records, duplicate bank accounts, and certifications issued through fictitious or ineligible training agencies.
- CAG recommended stronger alignment of training with labour market needs, strict IT controls in PMKVY 4.0, better data integration, and improved oversight and audit mechanisms.
- India’s Tsunami-Ready Villages Initiative aims to make 100 coastal villages disaster-resilient, with 24 villages in Odisha already recognised by UNESCO under the Tsunami Ready Recognition Programme.
- NITI Aayog’s “From Intent to Impact” report stresses that achieving gender parity at workplaces is crucial for India’s $30 trillion economy vision, highlighting barriers like maternity penalties, leadership gaps, and unpaid care burdens.
- The 126th birth anniversary of Shaheed Udham Singh reaffirmed his legacy as a revolutionary freedom fighter, symbol of composite nationalism, and the avenger of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre through the assassination of Michael O’Dwyer in 1940.
- China successfully accelerated a one-ton superconducting maglev test vehicle from 0 to 700 km/h in about two seconds, marking a major technological breakthrough.
- The experiment was conducted on a 400-metre test track, demonstrating extreme acceleration capabilities rather than long-distance cruising speed.
- Maglev technology works by suspending vehicles above the track using magnetic forces, eliminating physical contact and friction.
- The absence of wheel–rail contact significantly reduces wear and tear, enabling smoother rides and lower maintenance costs.
- Superconducting magnets allow stronger magnetic fields, making ultra-high speeds possible with greater stability.
- Magnetic repulsion and attraction are combined to lift, guide, and stabilise the vehicle during motion.
- Electromagnetic propulsion systems replace traditional engines, allowing precise speed control and rapid acceleration.
- Such advancements could redefine future high-speed transport, particularly for intercity and long-distance travel.
- Maglev systems are more energy-efficient at high speeds compared to conventional rail, as friction losses are minimal.
- China’s achievement reinforces its global leadership in next-generation transportation technologies and infrastructure innovation.
- The Ind–Aus ECTA completed three years since December 2022, delivering near-total duty-free access for Indian goods to Australia while allowing India to protect sensitive sectors through phased tariff cuts.
- Beyond trade, the India–Australia partnership under ECTA has strengthened strategic alignment in the Indo-Pacific, QUAD cooperation, and supply chains for critical minerals like lithium and rare earths.
- In Hungary’s Homokhátság region, the Water Guardians initiative shows how local water retention and community-led action can combat desertification and protect rural livelihoods.
- Desertification now affects over 4 billion hectares globally, driven by climate change, groundwater depletion, and unsustainable agriculture, making land restoration a key climate and food security priority.
- The US has proposed major WTO reforms, including plurilateral decision-making, curbing special treatment for developing countries, and relaxing the MFN principle, raising concerns for India and other emerging economies.
- India is projected by EY to become a $26 trillion economy by 2047–48, supported by services exports, digital public infrastructure, demographic advantage, and sustained ~6% annual growth.
- Despite fewer incidents, the value of banking frauds in India rose by 30% in April–September 2025, highlighting weaknesses in credit appraisal, governance, and delayed detection of large corporate loan frauds.
- International advisories on a counterfeit rabies vaccine batch in India have raised serious public health, regulatory, and ethical concerns in a country that bears over one-third of global rabies deaths.
- The successful maiden flight test of the Pinaka LRGR-120 rocket has enhanced India’s long-range precision strike capability and strengthened its position as an emerging defence exporter.
- Recent cultural and heritage events, from tributes to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and the Makaravilakku pilgrimage at Sabarimala to the overseas voyage of INSV Kaundinya, underline India’s blend of strategic ambition, historical legacy, and civilizational outreach.
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