Find the Weekly Current Affairs for the 4th week of October 2025. Stay informed with the most important news and events from around the world. Our curated updates provide a comprehensive summary of the week’s key happenings, covering politics, economics, science, technology, sports, and international affairs.
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Highlights of October 4th Week Current Affairs
- India and Mongolia marked 70 years of diplomatic ties and 10 years of their strategic partnership with new MoUs on oil refinery, culture, and spiritual cooperation.
- India reaffirmed its $1.7 billion Line of Credit for the Mongol Oil Refinery Project.
- Ladakh and Mongolia’s Arkhangai Province signed a pact to boost cultural and people-to-people exchanges.
- India will send relics of Buddha’s disciples and digitize ancient Buddhist manuscripts to deepen spiritual links.
- Free e-visas for Mongolians and collaborations on critical minerals, uranium, and supply chains were announced.
- India’s 2025 Global Hunger Index rank is 102/123, with a “Serious” score of 25.8, highlighting stagnation since 2016.
- Conflict, climate change, economic fragility, and inequality remain key drivers of global hunger.
- The Forest Declaration Assessment 2025 reported global deforestation at 8.1 million ha in 2024—63% above the required rate to meet 2030 goals.
- Harmful subsidies outpace green finance by 200:1, undermining forest restoration and climate goals.
- The 2025 IUCN Red List update uplisted 4 Indian bird species and downlisted 8, with grassland loss a major threat.
- Over 50% of global bird species are declining, while the Green Sea Turtle has improved to “Least Concern.”
- The Nile River’s recent floods affected South Sudan, emphasizing transboundary water management challenges.
- India’s Law Ministry launched the “Live Cases” Dashboard under LIMBS for real-time monitoring of government litigation.
- CBI’s Operation Chakra-V targeted cross-border cybercrime networks across southern India with global coordination.
- A new NSG hub will be established in Ayodhya to strengthen India’s counter-terror response capacity.
- IMF’s latest World Economic Outlook raised India’s 2025–26 GDP forecast to 6.6%, projecting steady medium-term growth.
- The Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs met in Guwahati to harmonize global spice standards under India’s leadership.
- Google announced a $15 billion AI Hub in Visakhapatnam — its largest investment in India — featuring data centers, AI infrastructure, and subsea connectivity.
- RBI Governor urged global central banks to prioritise CBDCs over private stablecoins, citing stronger regulation, sovereign backing, and better monetary control.
- India’s CBDC, the Digital Rupee, operates in pilot mode with retail (e₹-R) and wholesale (e₹-W) versions, offering instant, secure digital payments.
- Left Wing Extremism in India has sharply declined — only 3 Chhattisgarh districts remain severely affected, with full eradication aimed by 2026.
- The government’s anti-LWE strategy combines security action (SAMADHAN), financial inclusion, tribal development, and community trust-building.
- The decline of Pax Americana reflects U.S. policy failures, reduced global engagement, and the rise of China’s assertive economic influence.
- Global power dynamics are shifting toward a multipolar order, creating strategic opportunities for India to act as a balancing power through BRICS and G20.
- The Supreme Court allowed limited use of green crackers in Delhi–NCR, balancing environmental concerns with cultural practices under strict monitoring.
- India and Canada have agreed on a new roadmap to rebuild ties, focusing on energy, clean tech, and scientific cooperation after years of diplomatic tension.
- India was elected unopposed to the UN Human Rights Council for the 2026–28 term, marking its seventh tenure to promote global human rights.
- Indian conservationist Vivek Menon became Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, while REDD+ projects showed limited real success in cutting deforestation.
- The IUCN World Conservation Congress 2025 in Abu Dhabi adopted a 20-year vision, a 4-year programme, and key resolutions on fossil fuels, ecocide, and synthetic biology.
- Over 100 new members joined IUCN, including six new states like Armenia and Zimbabwe, expanding global conservation participation.
- The abolition of the GST Compensation Cess has raised concerns over states’ fiscal autonomy and revenue shortfalls.
- States’ dependence on central transfers, limited tax powers, and declining devolution highlight structural fiscal imbalances in India.
- The FAO recognized the SAIME initiative in the Sundarbans for promoting sustainable aquaculture integrated with mangrove conservation.
- The State Mining Readiness Index 2025 ranked Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Gujarat as top performers in sustainable mineral development.
- A GRAIN report warned that FTAs aligned with the 1991 UPOV Convention could undermine farmers’ traditional seed rights.
- Ahmedabad has been proposed to host the 2030 Commonwealth Games, marking the centenary of the global sporting event.
- Google DeepMind’s AI model C2S-Scale achieved a breakthrough in cancer research by generating and validating new biological hypotheses.
- UNEP’s “State of Finance for Forests 2025” revealed a $216 billion annual funding gap, urging greater private investment in forest conservation.
- WHO’s Global Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance Report 2025 warned that 1 in 6 infections is antibiotic-resistant, with South-East Asia and Africa as major hotspots.
- India, China, and Pakistan together accounted for 41% of global bloodstream infection reports, highlighting the regional AMR burden.
- UNDP’s Global MPI 2025 found 1.1 billion people living in acute multidimensional poverty, with India reducing poverty to 16.4%.
- The Supreme Court formed a committee to draft a National Equal Opportunity Policy for transgender persons due to gaps in the 2019 Act.
- The 8th Codex Committee session in India finalized standards for Vanilla, Large Cardamom, and Coriander, raising the total to 19 spices.
- India’s gold reserves crossed $100 billion for the first time, making up nearly 15% of total forex reserves, as RBI diversifies assets.
- IEA’s “Delivering Sustainable Fuels: Pathways to 2035” projected a fourfold rise in sustainable fuel use, crucial for aviation and heavy transport.
- A study confirmed India’s indigenous Rotavac vaccine’s high real-world effectiveness against rotavirus, validating domestic vaccine innovation.
- Bathouism, the indigenous faith of the Bodo community, will receive a separate code in the Census, recognizing its ecological and cultural roots.
- FSSAI banned drinks from using “ORS” unless they follow WHO standards to prevent consumer misinformation.
- NITI Aayog’s “We Rise” initiative aims to empower women-led MSMEs through trade facilitation, mentorship, and global partnerships.
- The FAO celebrated 80 years of partnership with India, reaffirming joint efforts toward food security and sustainable agriculture.
- CAQM activates Stage-II GRAP in NCR due to worsening air quality, restricting coal, firewood, and diesel generators.
- GRAP manages Delhi-NCR air pollution in four stages, monitoring pollutants like PM2.5, NO2, and CO.
- The US and Australia sign a Critical Minerals Framework to reduce dependence on China and secure essential minerals.
- Chandrayaan-2’s CHACE-2 detects lunar exosphere changes caused by a solar Coronal Mass Ejection.
- European Council approves EU-India Strategic Agenda to strengthen bilateral ties across economy, tech, and security.
- Sanae Takaichi becomes Japan’s first female Prime Minister, advancing gender inclusivity in politics.
- Government releases gallantry award citations recognizing armed forces’ bravery on Republic and Independence Days.
- Indian Rupee hits record low; REER indicates continued undervaluation affecting export competitiveness.
- CAMI launched by Central Asian nations to protect 17 migratory mammal species and promote biodiversity.
- WHO recognizes Fiji as the 26th country to eliminate trachoma, with India as a model for NTD control.
- The OPSA released ‘Future Farming in India: AI Playbook for Agriculture’ under the AI for India 2030 initiative, promoting responsible and scalable AI integration in agriculture.
- The playbook highlights AI use in intelligent crop planning, smart farming, and farm-to-fork solutions to boost productivity, sustainability, and market efficiency.
- It introduces the IMPACT AI framework built on Enable, Create, and Deliver pillars to foster innovation and farmer awareness in AI adoption.
- FAO’s Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 shows global forests cover 4.14 billion hectares, with deforestation slowing and carbon stocks rising.
- India now ranks 9th globally in total forest area and 5th in rubber plantation coverage, contributing around 2% to global forest area.
- The Sevilla Forum on Debt was launched at UNCTAD-16 to address global debt distress and promote sustainable debt management for developing nations.
- MeitY proposed amendments to IT Rules 2021 to regulate AI-generated content, mandating clear labeling and stricter moderation by social media platforms.
- The State of Global Air 2025 report found air pollution caused about 2 million deaths in India in 2023, a 43% increase since 2000.
- UNEP’s An Eye on Methane 2025 report warned that methane contributes nearly one-third of global warming and urged immediate emission reduction efforts.
- Google demonstrated the Quantum Echoes Algorithm on its Willow chip, achieving verifiable quantum advantage with computations 13,000 times faster than supercomputers.
- IIT Kanpur conducted a cloud seeding trial over Delhi to induce artificial rain and reduce pollution.
- Cloud seeding enhances rainfall using agents like silver iodide, but has limited effectiveness and toxicity concerns.
- The Centre asked the CJI to recommend a successor as per Article 124(2) and the seniority convention.
- Judicial appointments follow the Collegium system; the 2015 verdict retained it after NJAC was struck down.
- RBI warned that geopolitical tensions may disrupt cross-border payments, affecting trade and remittances.
- India remains the top remittance recipient; UPI-PayNow and similar linkages aim to boost global payments.
- RBI cautioned states against pre-election populist spending that could raise fiscal deficits and inflation.
- The Defence Acquisition Council approved ₹79,000 crore projects, including Nag Missile Mk-II and HMVs.
- India was re-elected Vice-Chair for Asia-Pacific at UNESCO’s Anti-Doping Convention, promoting clean sport.
- India’s overseas education remittances under LRS fell to an eight-year low, capped at USD 2,50,000 yearly.
- IAF joined Exercise Ocean Sky 2025 in Spain, its first as a non-NATO nation, improving global interoperability.
- WTO credited India’s DFTP scheme for boosting exports from Least Developed Countries.
- Blockchain technology is transforming Indian governance by ensuring transparency, security, and efficiency across sectors like property management, logistics, judiciary, and digital certification systems.
- The National Blockchain Framework 2024, including Vishvasya Blockchain Stack and Praamaanik, aims to standardize blockchain adoption and promote trust-based governance in India.
- The Supreme Court ruled that the Right to Privacy is integral to Freedom of Religion, protecting individuals’ choice of faith from state interference.
- The judgment emphasized that anti-conversion laws must respect personal autonomy under Articles 21 and 25, reaffirming India’s secular and constitutional balance.
- Experts warned that weakening multilateralism threatens global cooperation amid crises like climate change, conflict, and digital governance challenges.
- Institutional inefficiencies in bodies like the UN and WTO have accelerated the shift toward regional and minilateral alliances such as QUAD and BRICS.
- Saudi Arabia’s abolition of the Kafala System improves labour rights for 13 million migrant workers, including 2.6 million Indians, aligning with global standards.
- The Maldives became the first country to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B through effective vaccination and screening programs.
- Afghanistan’s planned Kunar River dam may strain relations with Pakistan by affecting downstream water flow, as no bilateral water-sharing treaty exists.
- RBI exempted the government-backed SWAMIH Fund from new AIF rules, enabling continued support for stalled affordable housing projects under Housing for All.
- India and ASEAN adopted the ASEAN–India Plan of Action (2026–2030) and declared 2026 as the “ASEAN–India Year of Maritime Cooperation” to enhance regional ties.
- The MAHA–MedTech Mission, launched by ANRF with ICMR and Gates Foundation, aims to boost indigenous medical technology innovation and reduce import dependence.
- Constitutional morality, as envisioned by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, promotes adherence to constitutional values to combat social evils like casteism and gender inequality.
- The IUCN World Heritage Outlook 4 listed India’s Western Ghats as of “Significant Concern” due to habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change threats.
- Seventy-two nations signed the UN Convention Against Cybercrime in Hanoi, creating the first global legal framework to prevent and prosecute digital offences.
- India’s coffee exports reached USD 1.8 billion in 2024–25, with Karnataka producing nearly two-thirds of the country’s total coffee output.
- Prof. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar was posthumously awarded the Vigyan Ratna 2025 for his pioneering work on the Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity.
- The National Biodiversity Authority released funds to Biodiversity Management Committees in Uttar Pradesh and Sikkim to strengthen local biodiversity conservation initiatives.
- IMF’s Global Financial Stability Report (April 2025) warned that rising interest rates and geopolitical tensions have increased global financial instability and sovereign risks.
- The Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project in Assam–Arunachal Pradesh completed its test run, marking progress toward commissioning Northeast India’s largest hydropower project.
- China’s Naval Deployment: China’s new naval fleet deployment in the Gulf of Aden underscores intensifying strategic competition in the Western Indian Ocean Region (WIOR).
- India’s Strategic Role: India strengthens its Indo-Pacific partnerships and promotes its SAGAR doctrine to ensure regional maritime security and sustainable blue economy growth.
- Rising Chinese Influence: China’s military bases and port infrastructure in Djibouti and Gwadar challenge India’s influence and security balance in the WIOR.
- UCG Draft Guidelines: Government released draft guidelines for Underground Coal Gasification to promote cleaner coal utilization with strict environmental and mine closure safeguards.
- Coal Gasification Challenges: India faces high capital costs, technological limitations, and poor coal quality, making domestic gasification less viable than imported natural gas.
- Electronics Manufacturing Boost: The ₹22,919 crore Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS), 2025 aims to enhance India’s self-reliance and global competitiveness in electronics.
- Gyan Bharatam Mission: Government partners with 17 institutions to digitize over one crore manuscripts, preserving India’s traditional knowledge through AI and blockchain technology.
- Panda Diplomacy 2.0: China extends soft power by gifting golden snub-nosed monkeys to Europe, mirroring its long-standing “Panda Diplomacy” to strengthen international ties.
- Loktak Lake Concern: Study links land-use changes to pollution in Manipur’s Loktak Lake, threatening its Ramsar status and habitat of the endangered Sangai deer.
- Japan’s Yen Stablecoin: Japan launches the world’s first yen-pegged stablecoin, bridging blockchain innovation with traditional finance to promote secure, low-cost digital transactions.
- Cyclone Montha brought heavy rain and strong winds to India’s eastern coast, highlighting increasing cyclone frequency in the Bay of Bengal due to climate change.
- NITI Aayog’s report showed the services sector contributes around 55% to India’s GVA but still offers mostly informal, low-paying jobs with regional and gender disparities.
- The UNFCCC’s NDCs Synthesis Report warned that current global emission reduction pledges will only achieve a 17% cut by 2035, far short of the 60% required.
- The Ministry of Tribal Affairs proposed a framework ensuring voluntary relocation of forest dwellers from tiger reserves while safeguarding their rights under the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
- India’s Access and Benefit Sharing mechanism enabled payments to Red Sanders cultivators, ensuring fair returns for communities conserving biological resources under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
- The Rehabilitation Council of India introduced major reforms to modernize rehabilitation education, emphasizing digital learning, NEP 2020 alignment, and professional regulation for PwDs services.
- The 8th International Solar Alliance Assembly in New Delhi launched the SUNRISE Initiative and ISA Academy, promoting global solar innovation, circular economy, and capacity building.
- CSE’s report revealed 64% of Indian soils are nitrogen-deficient and 48.5% lack organic carbon, urging balanced fertilizer use and biochar promotion for soil restoration.
- The 20th East Asia Summit adopted the Kuala Lumpur Declaration, reinforcing regional cooperation on peace, stability, and Indo-Pacific security, with India advocating inclusivity and maritime security.
- The AmazonFACE Project in Brazil will simulate future CO2 levels to study how the Amazon rainforest responds to rising greenhouse gases and changing climate conditions.
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