November Current Affairs PDF (Full Month of November)

Staying updated with current affairs is crucial for everyone preparing for competitive exams in India. Our current affairs of November 2025 aims to provide you with a comprehensive overview of the significant events and updates from this month. 

From global news to sports, and technology to entertainment, we cover all important areas to keep you well-informed. Additionally, we are offering a free November current affairs 2025 PDF download. 

This PDF is a convenient resource for those who prefer having all the information in one place. Whether you’re preparing for exams or just want to stay updated, our November 2025 current affairs PDF is a valuable tool. 

Highlights of November 2025 Current Affairs

• The MoFPI is strengthening the ICCVAI Scheme under PMKSY to build integrated cold chains and reduce post-harvest losses.
• The scheme promotes farm-to-consumer cold infrastructure, value addition, and year-round food safety.
• It benefits farmers, FPOs, SHGs, PSUs, and private firms, complementing schemes like AIF and MIDH.
• China filed a WTO complaint against India’s PLI schemes for EVs and batteries, citing violation of subsidy rules.
• China alleges India’s domestic value addition criteria breach WTO’s SCM Agreement by favouring local goods.
• India’s PLI scheme, launched in 2020, aims to boost manufacturing, attract FDI, and promote self-reliance.
• The Cabinet Secretary chaired an NCMC meeting after Bay of Bengal cyclones; the body now has statutory status.
• NCMC coordinates national disaster response and works closely with NDMA and central ministries.
• The Climate Inequality Report 2025 shows the top 1% emit 15% of global emissions, with vast wealth-linked disparities.
• UNEP’s Adaptation Gap Report 2025 warns of a $310–365 billion annual finance gap for developing nations, urging urgent climate action
• The U.S. and China met at the APEC Summit in Busan, where the U.S. cut tariffs by 10% and China extended a pause on rare earth export controls, signaling a potential thaw in tensions.
• The “G-2” rhetoric resurfaced, hinting at U.S.–China co-leadership in global governance, which could diminish the strategic role of India and the Global South.
• Ocean-based Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) emerged as a key decarbonisation strategy, offering vast and durable CO₂ storage under the seabed but facing high costs and early-stage technology challenges.
• Satellite studies showed severe land subsidence in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, and Chennai due to over-extraction of groundwater, endangering infrastructure and increasing flood risks.
• The U.S. granted India a six-month sanctions waiver for the Chabahar Port project in Iran, recognizing its strategic role in regional trade and connectivity to Afghanistan and Central Asia.
• The Model Youth Gram Sabha initiative was launched to promote youth participation in local governance, aligning with NEP 2020 and implemented in JNVs, EMRSs, and state schools.
• The Ministry of Ports introduced “Digi Bandar,” a national digital framework to make Indian ports smart, data-driven, and AI-enabled, improving logistics, efficiency, and transparency.
• MoSPI initiated a base revision of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to reflect updated consumption patterns and proposed including rural housing costs for better inflation accuracy.
• The Kunming Biodiversity Fund, launched by China and UNEP, began financing developing nations to implement the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework goals like the “30×30” conservation target.
• The Madras High Court recognized cryptocurrency as a form of property, granting investor protection and setting a precedent for digital asset ownership under Indian law.
• India and the U.S. signed a 10-year defence framework at ADMM-Plus 2025, building on previous agreements to deepen military cooperation and technology sharing.
• Foundational agreements like LEMOA, COMCASA, ISA, and BECA facilitate logistics, secure communications, industrial security, and geospatial data exchange.
• The defence partnership includes $20+ billion in procurement, co-production, and initiatives like INDUS X and ASIA to boost innovation and autonomous systems.
• Bilateral and multilateral exercises like Yudh Abhyas, Vajra Prahar, Cope India, and Malabar enhance operational interoperability between India and the U.S.
• India Maritime Week 2025 secured ₹12 lakh crore investment, expanding shipbuilding, vessel numbers, and port capacities, aligning with Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047.
• Initiatives under Maritime India Vision 2030 and Sagarmala Programme aim to improve port efficiency, logistics, eco-friendly operations, and maritime security in the Indo-Pacific.
• India’s quasi-federal structure faces strains due to fiscal centralisation, administrative centralisation, and Centre-State tensions despite platforms like GST Council and NITI Aayog.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s 150th birth anniversary was commemorated as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, honoring his role in integrating princely states and building a unified India.
• Arya Samaj’s 150th foundation anniversary highlighted its social, educational, and reformist contributions, promoting equality, rationalism, and women’s empowerment.
• Lucknow was designated UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy, the Iberian lynx had its first white sighting in Spain, and the 2025 APEC Summit focused on regional economic integration and trade.
• The Survey of India launched the National Geo-Spatial Platform (NGP) to implement the National Geospatial Policy, 2022, enabling unified, standardized geospatial data sharing and management.
• The NGP will support sectors like agriculture, logistics, urban planning, and disaster management through high-accuracy, interoperable spatial datasets and APIs.
• ISRO successfully launched GSAT-7R (CMS-03), India’s heaviest defence communication satellite, strengthening the Navy’s maritime domain awareness and secure communication.
• The GSAT-7R launch aboard LVM3 showcased India’s self-reliance in defence-space technology, enhancing real-time naval coordination and strategic capabilities.
• China achieved the world’s first thorium-to-uranium conversion in a molten salt reactor, marking a breakthrough in safer, efficient, and sustainable nuclear power generation.
• India continues advancing its thorium-based nuclear programme, with projects like AHWR and IMSBR leveraging the country’s vast monazite reserves.
• The NCLAT ruled that the Competition Commission of India (CCI) lacks jurisdiction over patent disputes, affirming that such matters fall solely under the Patents Act, 1970.
• The judgment clarified the legal boundary between competition law and intellectual property rights, ensuring specialized adjudication of patent cases.
• India’s first Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductor facility was launched in Odisha, boosting domestic chip manufacturing and supporting the Aatmanirbhar Bharat mission.
• Coal India Limited marked 50 years of operations, continuing to supply 80% of India’s coal, and India’s women’s cricket team won its first-ever ICC Women’s World Cup, defeating South Africa.
• FAO’s SOFA 2025 report highlights human-driven land degradation reducing crop yields, threatening food security, and stressing ecosystems globally.
• Around 1.7 billion people live in regions with 10% lower crop yields due to degradation, with Asia most affected, and 47 million children under five face stunting.
• QS Asia University Rankings 2026 listed 7 Indian institutes in the top 100, with IIT Delhi ranked 59th and India now having 294 universities in the rankings.
• Amul and IFFCO were ranked the world’s top two cooperatives, highlighting India’s cooperative sector contributing to economy, employment, and sustainable agriculture.
• India launched the RDI Scheme with ₹1 lakh crore to boost research, innovation, and technological self-reliance in sunrise and strategic sectors.
• The Maldives introduced a generational ban on tobacco, preventing sale to future generations as a historic public health measure.
• UNEP’s Emission Gap Report 2025 warns global warming could reach 2.3–2.5 °C, emphasizing urgent climate action and equity-based responsibility.
• Water was detected in interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, the first such finding, offering insights into planetary system formation beyond the solar system.
• Typhoon Kalmaegi hit central Philippines, causing heavy rain and strong winds, illustrating ongoing tropical cyclone risks in the region.
• Bangladesh introduced the Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) in its national immunization programme, and India’s VAIBHAV fellowship promotes collaboration with diaspora scientists.
• India released the AI Governance Guidelines 2025 under the IndiaAI Mission, outlining six pillars across enablement, regulation, and oversight to ensure safe, accountable, and responsible AI adoption.
• The G20 Global Inequality Report 2025 revealed that 83% of countries face high income inequality, with the richest 1% capturing 41% of new global wealth and urged for global taxation and IP reforms.
• India demonstrated its first 500 km Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network, marking a breakthrough in quantum-secure communication and strengthening national cybersecurity and digital sovereignty.
• India launched NexCAR19, its first indigenous CAR T-cell therapy developed by ImmunoACT with DBT-BIRAC support, making advanced cancer treatment affordable and accessible domestically.
• The State of State Finances Report 2025 warned that states spend 62% of revenues on salaries, pensions, and subsidies, with debt rising to 27.5% of GDP, constraining fiscal space for development.
• The Baku to Belém Roadmap to 1.3T Report outlined a plan to mobilize $1.3 trillion annually by 2035 for climate finance through a 5R framework focused on replenishment, rebalancing, and financial reform.
• Bangladesh joined the UN Water Convention, becoming South Asia’s first member to commit to equitable and sustainable management of transboundary water resources.
• Gogabeel Lake in Bihar was declared India’s 94th Ramsar site and first Community Reserve of the state, supporting migratory birds and acting as a flood buffer in the Ganga basin.
• Starlink signed an MoU with Maharashtra to deliver satellite-based internet in rural areas, enhancing connectivity, digital inclusion, and supporting Digital India goals.
• The Doha Declaration at the Second World Summit for Social Development reaffirmed commitments to poverty eradication, decent work, and universal social protection for inclusive global growth.
• The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) conducted the first pan-India assessment of endangered vultures, finding nesting absent in nearly 70% of historical sites and heavy dependence on protected areas.
• The survey covered 216 sites across 17 states, with species-specific populations showing the Indian Vulture thriving in Mukundra Hills and the Red-headed Vulture extremely fragmented in Madhya Pradesh.
• Vultures, vital scavengers protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Act, face threats from habitat loss, drug poisoning, electrocution, and food scarcity.
• Conservation steps include bans on toxic veterinary drugs, breeding centres in multiple states, and the ongoing Vulture Conservation Action Plan (2020–25).
• The idea of Universal Basic Income (UBI) has regained relevance amid rising inequality, job losses from automation, and growing economic insecurity.
• UBI, offering unconditional cash transfers to all citizens, promotes universality, dignity, and choice while simplifying India’s fragmented welfare architecture.
• The Supreme Court ruled in Mihir Rajesh Shah vs. State of Maharashtra that failure to provide written grounds of arrest violates Articles 21 and 22(1) and renders the arrest illegal.
• The judgment mandates that arrest grounds must be supplied in writing, in a language understood by the accused, within two hours before judicial remand.
• The WMO’s State of the Climate 2025 report warns that 2025 will likely be the 2nd or 3rd warmest year ever, with CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O levels at record highs, signaling the world is off-track for Paris targets.
• Kazakhstan joined the Abraham Accords, expanding the U.S.-brokered peace framework that normalizes Israel’s relations with Muslim-majority nations, marking Central Asia’s entry into the pact.
• The Supreme Court highlighted flaws in India’s land registration system in Samiullah v. State of Bihar, urging reforms for legal certainty and fraud prevention.
• Recommendations include blockchain-based registries, conclusive land titling, and harmonisation of relevant laws to ensure transparent and secure property transactions.
• The WEF report under AI4AI emphasises deep-tech adoption in agriculture to tackle labor shortages, climate impacts, and resource degradation, using AI, drones, and 5G technologies.
• Key agri-tech innovations include Intello Labs’ AI-based fruit quality assessment, PMFBY’s satellite crop insurance verification, and Boomitra’s climate-smart agriculture monitoring.
• The World Bank’s FSAP report calls for accelerated financial sector reforms, deeper bond markets, stronger NBFC regulation, enhanced digital integration, and green finance mobilisation.
• India will join the Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF) as an observer, supporting tropical forest conservation and climate finance innovations with a USD 125 billion funding mechanism.
• The BICAN project released the first draft atlas of the developing human brain, providing insights into neurodevelopment, brain disorders, and a molecular roadmap of cell types.
• The Supreme Court directed the removal of stray dogs from public spaces, mandating nodal officers, fencing, inspections, waste management, and medical preparedness under Article 21.
• The PRIP scheme was extended to boost pharma and MedTech R&D, offering ₹5,000 crore for Centres of Excellence, collaborative innovation, and Make in India initiatives.
• Google plans an AI data centre on Christmas Island, enhancing regional digital infrastructure and leveraging its strategic location in the Indian Ocean for connectivity and research.
• India celebrated 30 years of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 on National Legal Services Day, promoting access to justice for marginalized groups.
• NALSA, SLSAs, and DLSAs provide free legal aid to SC/STs, women, children, disabled persons, and low-income citizens, supported by dedicated legal aid funds.
• Lok Adalats offer alternative dispute resolution with awards equivalent to civil court decrees, complemented by programs like LADCS, DISHA, and LLLAP.
• The Centre notified the Sustainable Harnessing of Fisheries in EEZ Rules, 2025, promoting community-led, cooperative-based deep-sea fishing and sustainable practices.
• Key fisheries initiatives include the Mother-and-Child vessel model, capacity building, concessional credit, banning harmful fishing methods, and mariculture promotion.
• ICAR’s study mapped Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) variations, linking SOC depletion to temperature, fertilizer imbalance, cropping patterns, and elevation, recommending sustainable practices and carbon incentives.
• COP-6 of the Minamata Convention agreed to phase out mercury-based dental amalgam by 2034 and curb mercury in skin-lightening products.
• Aditya-L1’s VELC instrument successfully tracked Coronal Mass Ejections, marking the first visible-light CME observation and enhancing space weather forecasting.
• MOP-37 reviewed ozone and HFC emissions, emphasizing transparency, monitoring, and technology transfer under the Montreal Protocol and Kigali Amendment.
• The 29th Malabar naval exercise held at Guam involved India, Australia, Japan, and the USA, strengthening interoperability and maritime security in the Indo-Pacific.
• The government plans to establish Urban Cooperative Banks in all Indian cities with populations over 2 lakh within five years, promoting financial inclusion.
• Sahkar Digi-Pay and Sahkar Digi-Loan platforms were launched to enable digital payments and lending for even small UCBs.
• UCBs operate under dual regulation by RBI and state/central Registrar of Cooperative Societies, serving low and middle-income urban populations.
• The Dumpsite Remediation Accelerator Programme (DRAP) was launched to achieve zero dumpsites by September 2026 under SBM-U 2.0.
• DRAP targets high-impact legacy waste sites, reducing methane emissions, groundwater contamination, and freeing urban land for productive use.
• India’s development cooperation model emphasizes demand-driven, capacity-building projects, South-South solidarity, and non-conditional support, contrasting China’s BRI approach.
• India’s bioeconomy aims to reach $300 billion by 2030, supported by BRIC, BioE3 policy, BIRAC initiatives, and achievements like 20% ethanol blending in petrol.
• Spain and Germany committed $100 million to ARISE under the Climate Investment Fund to help developing nations adapt to climate change.
• China proposed the World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization (WAICO) to set global AI governance standards and counter Western-led frameworks.
• The 11th Mitra Shakti exercise between India and Sri Lanka began in Belagavi, enhancing interoperability, counter-terrorism cooperation, and regional security.
• The State of the Cryosphere Report 2025 warns of rapid ice-sheet loss, glacier melt, sea-ice decline, and permafrost thaw, driving sea-level rise and climate feedback loops.
• India inaugurated its first MWh-scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery at NTPC NETRA, marking a major step in grid-scale, long-duration renewable energy storage.
• UNEP’s Global Cooling Watch 2025 calls for a sustainable cooling transition with passive cooling, energy-efficient technologies, and rapid HFC phase-down.
• CAQM invoked Stage-III GRAP restrictions in NCR after AQI entered the Severe category, triggering bans on construction and curbs on traffic.
• The National One Health Mission was approved to integrate human–animal–environment health systems and strengthen pandemic preparedness.
• Ethiopia will host UNFCCC COP-32 in Addis Ababa in 2027, marking a significant moment for African climate leadership.
• The Climate Risk Index 2026 ranked India 9th globally for long-term climate vulnerability, with 430 extreme events and USD 170 billion in losses since 1995.
• The 6th India–Vietnam Army Exercise VINBAX began in Hanoi, focusing on UN peacekeeping, counter-terror operations, and HADR drills.
• David Szalay won the 2025 Booker Prize for his novel Flesh, becoming the first Hungarian-origin recipient of the award.
• GRAP enforcement, cooling reforms, and energy-storage advances underline India’s broader push toward climate resilience and clean-energy transitions.
• The Union Cabinet approved the Export Promotion Mission with ₹25,060 crore for 6 years to boost MSME-led exports through finance access and global market support.
• EPM integrates Niryat Protsahan for financial support and Niryat Disha for quality, compliance, branding, logistics, and export readiness.
• The Credit Guarantee Scheme for Exporters offers ₹20,000 crore collateral-free credit with 100 percent guarantee through NCGTC to improve liquidity and competitiveness.
• Four Hydrogen Valley Innovation Clusters are being set up under the National Green Hydrogen Mission to demonstrate full green hydrogen value chains.
• India and Botswana signed an agreement to translocate eight African cheetahs to expand Project Cheetah’s grassland conservation efforts.
• The Prime Minister’s visit to Bhutan resulted in hydropower cooperation, a ₹4,000 crore LoC for energy, cultural exchanges, and progress on connectivity projects.
• IIT Bombay developed India’s first Quantum Diamond Microscope for nanoscale magnetic imaging with major applications in neuroscience, materials science, and semiconductors.
• FTIR spectroscopy is being used for fast non-destructive forensic identification of explosive residues, chemicals, and material traces in crime investigations.
• Security agencies foiled planned terror use of ricin poison and ammonium nitrate, reinforcing surveillance on high-risk toxic and explosive substances.
• Ricin is a highly lethal toxin from castor beans with no antidote, while ammonium nitrate becomes explosive when mixed with fuel or triggering agents.
• The Global TB Report 2025 shows that India accounts for nearly 25% of global TB cases, with MDR-TB remaining a major global health threat.
• The Draft Seeds Bill 2025 proposes mandatory seed registration (except farmers’ varieties) and stronger quality checks through central and state seed committees.
• India at COP30 highlighted the lack of clear climate finance definitions and demanded predictable, scaled-up funding for adaptation needs.
• BASIC and LMDC nations, led by India, pushed for fair climate transitions and removal of IPR and market barriers to technology transfer.
• The Land Gap Report warned that climate pledges require 1 billion hectares for land-based carbon removal, posing food security and biodiversity risks.
• The declaration on Information Integrity at COP30 aims to curb climate misinformation and promote transparent, science-based communication.
• India’s CO₂ emissions grew only 1.4% in 2025 due to strong renewable energy expansion and reduced coal dependence.
• India remains the world’s 3rd-largest emitter, but with low per-capita emissions (2.2 tonnes), second lowest among the top 20 economies.
• The Supreme Court declared Saranda Forest a Wildlife Sanctuary and Conservation Reserve, banning mining within 1 km to protect its rich ecology.
• India operationalised the Mudh-Nyoma airbase in eastern Ladakh, boosting high-altitude military capability near sensitive LAC sectors with China.
• The DPDP Rules 2025 were notified, fully operationalising the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, ensuring consent-based processing and establishing the Data Protection Board for enforcement.
• The Act applies to digital personal data processed in India and data processed overseas when services target individuals in India, with special safeguards for children and persons with disabilities.
• Janjatiya Gaurav Divas was observed on 15 November marking the 150th birth anniversary of Birsa Munda, leader of the Ulgulan movement against colonial and feudal exploitation.
• The Belem Action Plan for Health and Climate Adaptation was launched at COP30, focusing on climate-resilient health systems, early warning systems, capacity building, and USD 300 million initial funding.
• The US President signed a stopgap bill, ending the longest government shutdown in US history, a situation arising from congressional failure to pass budget bills unlike India’s parliamentary Vote-on-Account system.
• Bangladesh has been invited to the Colombo Security Conclave, strengthening regional cooperation among India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mauritius, and Seychelles (observer).
• COP30’s Belem plan emphasizes equity, governance, innovation, and strengthening vulnerable health infrastructure facing climate threats.
• Birsa Munda’s legacy includes opposition to Beth Begari, protection of tribal land rights, and inspiration behind the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act 1908.
• DPDP places strict obligations on Data Fiduciaries requiring free, specific, informed, and revocable consent for personal data processing.
• CSC focuses on maritime security, counterterrorism, cyber security, organized crime prevention, and disaster relief in the Indian Ocean Region.
• A terror incident in Delhi revealed the rise of white-collar terrorism, where educated professionals use technical expertise, institutional access, and digital tools to support extremist operations.
• The FAO’s Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security 2025 report estimated USD 3.26 trillion global agricultural losses since 1991 and highlighted reduced food availability and livelihood damage.
• India is collaborating with 13 countries to establish a National Platform for Climate and Nature Finance supported by the Green Climate Fund to align climate priorities with investment planning.
• The Integrated Forum on Climate Change and Trade was launched at COP30 as a neutral platform to discuss climate-trade tensions without negotiating binding outcomes.
• NASA’s ESCAPADE mission will study solar wind interactions with Mars’ magnetosphere to understand atmospheric loss and future habitability.
• The world’s first Systematic Observation Impact Bond aims to raise USD 200 million by 2026 to strengthen weather and climate data systems, especially in LDCs and SIDS.
• The Food Waste Breakthrough initiative at COP30 targets halving global food waste by 2030 and reducing methane emissions by up to 7 percent.
• Ambaji Marble from Gujarat received a GI tag for its durable, milky-white stone widely used in temples and heritage structures.
• Security agencies foiled a terror plan involving ricin and ammonium nitrate, spotlighting risks from toxic agents and industrial chemicals.
• Tensions escalated between Japan and China after Chinese Coast Guard vessels passed near the contested Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands in the East China Sea.
• The Supreme Court warned the Telangana Speaker for delaying MLA disqualification decisions under the Tenth Schedule and reaffirmed that Speakers are subject to judicial review.
• The Supreme Court issued strict directions on tiger reserve protection including bans on night tourism, tiger safaris in core zones, commercial projects near reserves, and uniform compensation for HWC victims.
• The Prime Minister called for a 10-year national pledge to eliminate the colonial mindset rooted in Macaulay’s 1835 education reforms and promote cultural confidence and indigenous knowledge.
• A decade since the last India–Africa Forum Summit, India sees major opportunities in trade, digital public infrastructure, and strategic cooperation but faces challenges from China’s influence and project delays.
• The Supreme Court asked the Centre to take a decision on ratifying the UN CyberCrime Treaty, which aims to enhance global cooperation on digital evidence and cybercrime investigations.
• The Ministry of Earth Sciences established the Earth System Sciences Council to unify governance across key research institutes and strengthen climate and weather science coordination.
• The Chief Economic Advisor expressed concerns over IPOs being used mainly for investor exits rather than productive capital raising for business growth.
• India signed a long-term LPG supply deal with the U.S. for 2.2 MTPA, diversifying sources and enhancing energy security.
• The 16th Finance Commission (Chair: Arvind Panagariya) submitted its report for 2026–31 on tax devolution, grants-in-aid, and local body finances.
• The India–UK joint military exercise Ajeya Warrior-25 began in Rajasthan to improve interoperability on counter-terrorism and urban warfare under a UN mandate.
• The government approved revised PMFBY guidelines effective Kharif 2026 adding wildlife attack as an add-on risk cover and restoring paddy inundation coverage.
• Farmers must now report crop loss within 72 hours with geo-tagged images via the crop insurance app to enable faster claim settlement.
• The Supreme Court recalled its Vanashakti ruling that invalidated ex-post facto environmental clearances, noting overlooked precedents and potential economic-environmental damage.
• NAP-AMR 2.0 (2025–29) was launched to strengthen India’s multi-sector response to antimicrobial resistance through improved surveillance, lab capacity, and inter-ministerial coordination.
• The Climate Change Performance Index 2025 ranked India 23rd globally, urging a coal phase-out timeline and redirecting fossil subsidies to renewables.
• Maharashtra was awarded first place in the 6th National Water Awards 2024 for excellence in water conservation and sustainable water management.
• The Supreme Court criticised delays in MLA disqualification under the Tenth Schedule and reiterated that Speakers act as tribunals subject to judicial review.
• The Supreme Court issued strong directives for tiger protection, banning night tourism and commercial activities near core habitats and mandating uniform ₹10 lakh compensation in HWC cases.
• The Prime Minister called for a decade-long pledge to dismantle colonial mindset influences rooted in Macaulay’s 1835 education reforms.
• Ten years after the last India–Africa Forum Summit, India is seeking renewed engagement amid opportunities in trade and technology and competition from China’s influence.
• The Supreme Court struck down key provisions of the Tribunals Reforms Act 2021 for undermining judicial independence and reaffirmed the need for a National Tribunals Commission within four months.
• India launched BIRSA-101, its first indigenous CRISPR-based gene therapy for sickle cell disease, developed by CSIR-IGIB and dedicated to Birsa Munda.
• ISRO successfully tested the boot-strap start of the CE-20 cryogenic engine in vacuum, enabling lighter design and restart capability for complex future missions.
• The Global Methane Status Report 2025 warned of rising methane levels, projected 5 percent increase by 2030, and noted India as the third-largest emitter mainly due to stubble burning.
• The Supreme Court directed the Centre to create a uniform national organ transplant policy and establish missing state transplant bodies to reduce delays and inequity.
• NITI Aayog released Water Budgeting for Aspiration Blocks to guide resource planning and deficit management across water-stressed regions.
• The World Urbanisation Prospects 2025 report noted 45 percent global and 44 percent Indian population now lives in urban areas, identifying Delhi as one of the largest megacities.
• Nagaland sought reconsideration of the Protected Area Permit system due to its impact on tourism and regional engagement, distinguishing PAP from ILP regulations.
• Michelle Bachelet won the 2024 Indira Gandhi Peace Prize for contributions to human rights, social justice, and peace.
• Researchers used archival Kodaikanal Solar Observatory data to reconstruct historic solar magnetic behaviour, aiding long-term solar variability studies, while Morgan Stanley projected a Goldilocks economic outlook with 6.8 percent growth in FY26.
• UNICEF’s State of the World’s Children 2025 report highlights that 19 percent of children live in extreme monetary poverty and over 1 in 5 face multidimensional deprivation, with India having 206 million deprived children.
• The India Justice Report warns of critical gaps in juvenile justice, showing only 45 percent case disposal and inadequate infrastructure, with 83 percent institutionalisation of children.
• A Constitution Bench ruled that courts cannot impose timelines on the President or Governors for action on Bills and rejected the concept of deemed assent while stressing decisions cannot be indefinitely delayed.
• The Supreme Court ordered a national Sustainable Mining Plan for the Aravallis, imposed a temporary moratorium on mining, and adopted a uniform scientific definition of the range.
• India recorded its highest-ever foodgrain output in 2024–25, supported by MSP expansion, irrigation strengthening, and a new long-term Self-Reliance in Pulses Mission.
• Seychelles joined the Colombo Security Conclave as its sixth member, enhancing maritime cooperation in the Indian Ocean region.
• Turkiye will host UNFCCC COP31 in 2026 with Australia assuming the Presidency, marking the next phase of global climate negotiations.
• The U.S. approved a 93 million dollar defence sale to India including Javelin anti-tank missiles and Excalibur precision artillery systems to enhance India’s military capabilities.
• The Global Mutirão initiative launched at COP30 seeks rapid collaborative climate action to transition away from fossil fuels and scale climate finance and technology.
• UNICEF stresses that ending child poverty needs national commitment, child-sensitive budgeting, stronger social protection, better access to services, and secure livelihoods for caregivers.
• The Centre has enforced four Labour Codes merging 29 laws to simplify compliance, improve labour welfare, and modernize governance across wages, industrial relations, social security, and workplace safety.
• A UN Women report says 44 percent of women and girls globally lack legal protection against digital violence, with deepfake-based abuse forming up to 95 percent of cases.
• A Lancet report attributes rising global obesity and diabetes to ultra-processed food consumption, which has increased fortyfold in India between 2006 and 2019.
• The UAE Just Transition Work Programme under COP30 outlines an equitable climate transition with annual global dialogues and focus on inclusive job creation and social protection.
• India launched the National Framework on Traceability in Fisheries and Aquaculture 2025 using blockchain and digital tools for end-to-end seafood tracking to enhance global market access.
• Mount Semeru, Indonesia’s most active volcano, erupted again, sending ash plumes in the tectonically active Pacific Ring of Fire zone.
• The RBI announced an upcoming UPI-TIPS interlinkage enabling instant cross-border payments between India and the Euro Area.
• The Supreme Court ordered preparation of a national sustainable mining plan for the Aravallis and placed a temporary moratorium on new mining leases.
• Seychelles joined the Colombo Security Conclave as its sixth member, strengthening maritime security cooperation in the Indian Ocean.
• The U.S. approved a 93 million dollar sale of Javelin and Excalibur precision weapon systems to India, expanding defence collaboration.
• The G20 Johannesburg Declaration 2025 focused on disaster resilience, debt sustainability, renewable energy expansion, and UNSC reform, reaffirming the 1.5°C climate target and biodiversity goals.
• India proposed initiatives including a Global Traditional Knowledge Repository, Africa Skills Multiplier Programme, Global Healthcare Response Team, open satellite data sharing, and counter–drug terror cooperation.
• The IBSA Leaders’ Meeting proposed an NSA-level dialogue, a Digital Innovation Alliance on DPI, and a Climate Resilience Fund for agriculture.
• COP30 concluded with the Belém Package, introducing the Global Implementation Accelerator and the Belém Mission to 1.5 for stronger mitigation and adaptation actions.
• Developing countries committed under the Global Mutirão decision to scale climate finance to 1.3 trillion dollars annually by 2035 and adopt 60 indicators under the Global Goal on Adaptation.
• The Belem Action Agenda launched FINI, a global health action plan, and the Tropical Forests Forever Facility for results-based forest conservation financing.
• The Centre clarified no amendment will be introduced to place Chandigarh under Article 240, maintaining governance under Article 239 with the Punjab Governor as Administrator.
• India, Australia, and Canada announced the ACITI partnership to strengthen cooperation in clean energy technology, critical minerals supply chains, and responsible AI.
• The revised Bharat NCAP 2.0 draft expands vehicle safety ratings to include vulnerable road user protection, ADAS-based accident avoidance, and post-crash safety evaluation.
• APDIM held its 10th session in New Delhi to enhance disaster-risk data governance in the Asia-Pacific, while “parasocial” was declared Cambridge Word of the Year 2025 reflecting one-sided relationships enabled by digital media.
• Justice Surya Kant has been sworn in as the 53rd Chief Justice of India, appointed under the seniority convention and Article 124(2), with tenure until age 65.
• The Supreme Court’s Centre for Research and Planning released a White Paper warning against overreliance on AI in judicial processes and recommending ethical frameworks, in-house AI tools, and training.
• Ethiopia’s Hayli Gubbi volcano erupted after 12,000 years, spreading ash across the Red Sea and reaching India, disrupting flight operations.
• BEL and Safran will co-produce HAMMER precision munitions in India, boosting indigenous aerial strike capabilities with stand-off ranges above 70 kilometres and high accuracy.
• GAVI and UNICEF signed an agreement to expand access to the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine, supporting immunisation in low-income countries amidst funding challenges.
• The eruption process was explained as pressure-driven magma release producing lava, pyroclastic debris, and long-travelling ash clouds.
• The Article 51 debate highlights concerns that self-defence claims in modern conflicts are broadening the justification for use of force beyond the UN Charter’s original intent.
• Bharat NCAP 2.0 draft expands vehicle safety ratings to include ADAS-based accident avoidance and post-crash rescue support, beyond conventional crash testing.
• APDIM held its 10th session in New Delhi to strengthen disaster risk data governance and regional cooperation under ESCAP.
• Cambridge Dictionary selected “parasocial” as the 2025 Word of the Year, reflecting rising one-sided emotional relationships driven by social media and AI interactions.
• Countries including India are pushing Sovereign AI to reduce dependence on global AI powers, protect data sovereignty, and strengthen economic and security autonomy.
• India launched BharatGen, its first sovereign multilingual multimodal LLM supporting 22 languages, with applications like Krishi Sathi and e-VikrAI.
• Digital Sequence Information is emerging as a governance challenge under the Plant Genetic Resources Treaty due to concerns around benefit-sharing and digital biopiracy.
• Aishwarya Rai and Abhishek Bachchan’s case highlights the rising misuse of AI deepfakes and violations of personality rights protected under Article 21 and legal precedents.
• The Supreme Court criticised the Centre for failing to install mandated CCTV systems in police stations despite 2020 orders to prevent custodial torture.
• Australia will ban children under 16 from using social media from December 2025, citing mental health and safety risks, and imposing heavy penalties for violations.
• India observed National Milk Day honouring Dr Verghese Kurien, the architect of the White Revolution and founder of NDDB and IRMA.
• India marked Constitution Day on 26 November, celebrating the adoption of the Constitution in 1949 and its resilience through strong rights, institutions, and adaptability.
• The 2025 Antarctic ozone hole ranked the fifth smallest since 1992, reflecting progress under the Montreal Protocol in phasing out ozone-depleting substances.
• Operation Pawan was honoured by the Army Chief, and Exercise Surya Kiran XIX began in Uttarakhand to strengthen India-Nepal military cooperation in counter-terrorism and mountain warfare.
• The Union Cabinet approved a ₹7,280 crore scheme to promote domestic manufacturing of sintered rare earth permanent magnets to cut dependence on China and support EVs, defence, and electronics.
• The Supreme Court has agreed to hear a plea seeking revival of the NJAC to replace the Collegium system, citing concerns over opacity, delays, and lack of diversity in judicial appointments.
• On Constitution Day, the PM urged citizens to uphold Fundamental Duties under Article 51A, highlighting their role in sustaining rights and democratic integrity.
• PMJVK continues as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme to improve socio-economic infrastructure in minority-concentrated regions, supported by fund management reforms via SNA-SPARSH.
• Under Article 141, Supreme Court rulings are binding on all courts, and the SC warned benches against overturning earlier decisions without referring matters to a larger bench.
• India will host the 2030 centenary Commonwealth Games in Ahmedabad; the Commonwealth now includes 56 member nations.
• India’s CEC will assume Chairship of International IDEA, strengthening India’s role in global electoral standards and democratic governance.
• PM1 pollution, finer and more harmful than PM2.5, has severe health effects yet remains unregulated under India’s NAAQS.
• JUNO, a major neutrino observatory in China, has been completed to study neutrino mass hierarchy and matter–antimatter imbalance.
• The Supreme Court pulled up the government for failing to install CCTVs with audio-video recording in police stations as mandated in 2020 to prevent custodial torture.
• The Supreme Court called for stronger regulation of abusive online content due to rapid virality, weak oversight, minor access gaps, and misinformation risks, proposing new guidelines and an independent regulator.
• The Court also pushed for robust age-verification systems like Aadhaar/PAN to restrict explicit content access beyond ineffective disclaimer warnings.
• The IMF assigned India a ‘C’ grade for national accounts and inflation statistics, citing outdated base years, weak data sources, lack of seasonal adjustment, and absence of a Producer Price Index.
• The PM indicated plans to allow private participation in the civil nuclear sector to accelerate investment, SMR deployment, and energy security while addressing legal and safety challenges.
• The Indian Army announced a three-phase transformation plan till 2047 to evolve into an integrated, AI-enabled, multi-domain force driven by Atmanirbharta and innovation.
• Vikram-1, a privately developed orbital launch vehicle by Skyroot Aerospace, was unveiled with capacity for 350 kg to LEO and advanced carbon-fibre and 3D-printed engine technologies.
• The Assam Assembly passed a Bill permitting Moh Juj (traditional buffalo fights) under regulated conditions to balance cultural heritage and animal welfare.
• India approved a ₹7,280 crore scheme to manufacture sintered rare earth permanent magnets to secure supply chains critical for EVs, defence, and renewable technologies.
• The Supreme Court agreed to hear a plea seeking revival of NJAC amid concerns over opacity and delays in the Collegium-based judicial appointment system.
• On Constitution Day, the PM urged citizens to uphold Fundamental Duties under Article 51A, emphasising their link to democratic responsibility and the sustainability of rights.

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